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A great book, recommended if the subject of whether or not capitalism is somehow natural or inevitable interests you. It grounds that question in history while being written in approachable everyday language that presumes no specialized knowledge — not an academic tome. I learned so much and agree with the blurb by Adrienne Rich on the back: "The writing is so supple and accessible, and the argument so persuasive, it's like watching a cloudy mixture of ideas being turned into a clear solution."

To summarize: there's a pervasive notion that capitalism is inevitable as a result of drives built into human nature. This is SO pervasive in fact that even capitalism's biggest critics — committed Marxists — have often assumed it, writing histories in which capitalism naturally resulted once international trade reached a certain level, or once barriers that were holding capitalism back (feudal privilege, etc) were removed. Ellen Meiksins Wood says, actually no: those histories are using capitalism to explain capitalism, assuming that even before capitalism, people wanted above all to do things like lower the unit cost of production that only make sense according to capitalist logic. International trade and urbanization did not result in capitalism in the golden age of the Dutch Republic, and the end of feudalism did not result in capitalism in France. Specific changes to the relations of production and property in England created, not just market opportunities, but market imperatives in which people were forced to turn to the market for everyday needs. That created capitalism, and England then spread the reach of those imperatives to the rest of the world.

What's not sketched out here, only vaguely hinted at in the conclusion, is how we can use this knowledge to theorize (let alone build) a better system. After all, Wood is under no illusions that the immediate pre-capitalist system of feudalism provided a great life for most people, acknowledging frankly that there, too, there was a privileged class that exploited another. Knowing how the world transitioned from one bad system to another doesn't provide you with a good system, but it does at least show us that market imperatives are not, in fact, the automatic result of inescapable human nature.

At its best (chapters 2-3), this is an informative overview and analysis of various mutual aid programs and experiments in radical democracy that have been tried. Unfortunately, when it got around to its core concept of the "lifehouse," a maximally self-reliant community center and mutual aid hub, I felt like I was reading something closer to a daydream than the "practical guide" advertised on the back cover. The author doesn't appear to have drawn on any experience actually trying to build such a thing, despite having criticized Murray Bookchin precisely for lacking practical knowledge of how his (Bookchin's) proposed municipal assemblies would actually work.

The book is organized in four chapters:

1. Long Emergency: An overview of all of the bad things coming our way due to climate change, including lots of conflict and migration. Felt pretty superfluous. This chapter has already been written by many people, notably Wallace-Wells' The Uninhabitable Earth, but I also feel like I've already read versions of it in more than one other Verso book on climate. Peppered with references to events you'll recognize from 2 to 5 year old news stories.
2. Mutual Care: Studies of mutual aid efforts including Occupy Sandy (the only one the author was personally involved in, which made this by far the most interesting section of the book), Black Panthers survival programs, and Greek solidarity networks in the wake of the 2011 crisis. Well worth reading.
3. Collective Power: Studies of collective decision-making structures, including Bookchin's ideas, Spanish municipalist movements, and Rojava. The author confidently asserts Rojava's experiments in radical democracy to have been effectively ended by increased aggression in 2019, but cites no source for this, and others don't seem to agree (AK Press is just now putting out a new book, Rojava in Focus, due in February). This section was a pretty good read.
4. Beyond Hope: Outlines the "lifehouse" concept, but again, it seems like a wishlist of things that would be difficult to achieve, requiring so much free time, energy, and material resources from participants that it almost presupposes a revolution already occurred.