Charges of lesbianism and male homosexuality henceforth became routine against Cathars. “This, the first explicit allegation of homosexuality, also became a commonplace in later trials. Variations on the phrases vir cum viris [the man with men] and femina cum feminis [the woman with women] appear again and again” (Russell, 95, note). The word for Cathar in most European languages came to be the word for homosexual: in German, Ketzer, in Italian, gazarro, and in French, herite. In several languages the word for Bulgarian
(the heresy originated in Bulgaria) also came to mean homosexual: Italian, bulgaro; French, bougre; and the English, bugger (Russell, 238-239; Hughes, 66).