(hidden for spoilers, but they are mild spoilers.)

This is not a subtle novel. Upton Sinclair was a muckraker journalist and clearly his intent here was to expose the horrors of unfettered capitalism and the , through the story of an immigrant family trying to survive in the Chicago meatpacking district.

The descriptions are lurid, the plot is melodramatic, and the various trials the main character endures are hard to take. Just when one miserable thing happens there’s another miserable thing, everyone cheats and robs everyone else, half the characters die horribly, it is an unending litany of abuse and injury and lying and death. I had to alternate reading chapters in this book with something lighter because this book was just so dark.

Toward the end the main character discovers socialism, and suddenly everything starts to go right for him (like I said, not a subtle book). While the book became decidedly more cheerful at this point, it also turned a lot more preachy, and ends feeling like aggressively naked propaganda for the socialist movement.

So, two stars for the quality of the book as a novel. But I did feel this book was worth reading for the echoes of the past in current politics, which gives it another star. The abuses against the workers described in this book are not that far off from what is common behavior today. Different industries, different eras, different immigrant populations, but the same problems. We’ve learned nothing at all in 110 years.

One other note: This book is known for causing such outrage at the time that it led federal slaughterhouse reforms and regulation. But all the actual reforms that happened were around food safety and animal welfare, around avoiding putting diseased animals and spoiled meat into the food supply. Those things were important, of course, but it saddened me that given the popularity of the book there was not a single law changed about the plight of the workers. As Sinclair commented, "I aimed at the public's heart and by accident I hit it in the stomach.”