In April 1936, a notable international conference on wood took place in London. Among the twenty-two delegations, the German contingent caused quite a stir. They arrived in cars fuelled by wood gas, donned suits made of artificial wool derived from wood, and even distributed wooden sweets to their colleagues. The underlying message was clear: Germany was on the verge of ushering in a new ‘Wood Age’, a time of abundant resources based on the most readily available material on Earth. While the ‘age of oil’ cemented Anglo-American dominance, Germany sought to challenge this hegemony by promoting an alternative material. Germany had the best foresters, the best chemists, and there were immense wood resources within reach of conquest in Europe and Russia.